This course will emphasize on microbes as major agents of gene transfer. Various patterns of gene transfer in microorganisms are discussed. It also deals with the principles of heredity based on the concepts of the central dogma of molecular biology and the underlying microbial gene action and regulation in microorganisms (i.e. bacteria). The course also deals with the usefulness of microorganisms in the advances of recombinant DNA technology and gene cloning (i.e. as cloning vectors).